Light And Shadow Mac OS

Photos User Guide

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You can use the Photos adjustment tools to easily change a photo’s light and color with optimal results. You can also automatically enhance a photo, and Photos analyzes your image and applies the correct mix of adjustments to make your photo look its best. You can also reveal detailed controls that let you fine-tune each adjustment, including exposure, highlights and shadows, brightness, and contrast.

Note: You can also apply adjustments to videos. See Change and enhance a video.

Tip: To quickly see the adjustment tools while editing, press A.

Make basic adjustments to photos

In the Photos app on your Mac, double-click a photo, then click Edit in the toolbar.
Click Adjust in the toolbar.
Do any of the following:
- Click the arrow next to Light, Color, or Black & White, then drag the slider until you are satisfied with the look of the photo. Or, to have Photos automatically correct the photo, click Auto.

Tip: To discard your changes and revert to the original settings for a specific adjustment, double-click its slider. When you make an adjustment, a blue checkmark appears next to the adjustment’s name to indicate a change was made. You can select or deselect the checkmark to turn the adjustment on or off temporarily and see how it affects the photo.

Make fine light adjustments

You can further fine-tune the adjustments you make to the light settings of a photo.

In the Photos app on your Mac, double-click a photo, then click Edit in the toolbar.
Click Adjust in the toolbar, click the arrow next to Light, then click the arrow next to Options.
Drag any of the sliders to change the photo’s look:
- Brilliance: Adjusts a photo to make it look richer and more vibrant, brightening dark areas, pulling in highlights, and adding contrast to reveal hidden detail. The adjustment is color neutral (no saturation is applied), but there may be a perceived change in color because brighter images with more contrast appear more vibrant.
- Exposure: Adjusts the brightness or darkness of the entire image.
- Highlights: Adjusts the highlight detail.
- Shadows: Adjusts the detail that appears in shadows.
- Brightness: Adjusts the brightness of the photo.
- Contrast: Adjusts the contrast of the photo.
- Black Point: Sets the point at which the darkest parts of the image become completely black without any detail. Setting the black point can improve the contrast in a washed-out image.

Tip: Position the pointer over a slider and press and hold the Option key to extend the slider’s range of values.

Make fine color adjustments

You can fine-tune the adjustments you make to the saturation, vibrance, and color cast settings of a photo.

In the Photos app on your Mac, double-click a photo, then click Edit in the toolbar.
Click Adjust in the toolbar, click the arrow next to Color, then click the arrow next to Options.
Drag any of the sliders to change the photo’s look:
- Saturation: Adjusts the photo’s overall color intensity.
- Vibrance: Adjusts the color contrast and separation between similar colors in the photo.
- Cast: Adjusts and corrects for color cast in the photo.

Tip: Position the pointer over a slider and press and hold the Option key to extend the slider’s range of values.

Make fine black-and-white adjustments

You can fine-tune the intensity of tones and gray areas, and change a photo’s grain.

In the Photos app on your Mac, double-click a photo, then click Edit in the toolbar.
Click Adjust in the toolbar, click the arrow next to Black & White, then click the arrow next to Options.
Drag any of the sliders to change the photo’s look:
- Intensity: Increases or decreases the intensity of the tones of the photo.
- Neutrals: Lightens or darkens the gray areas of the photo.
- Tone: Adjusts the photo for a more high-contrast or low-contrast look.
- Grain: Adjusts the amount of film grain that appears in the photo.

See alsoAdjust a photo’s white balance in Photos on MacApply changes to specific colors in a photo in Photos on MacReduce noise in a photo in Photos on Mac

A shadow is an image painted underneath, and offset from, a graphics object such that the shadow mimics the effect of a light source cast on the graphics object, as shown in Figure 7-1. Text can also be shadowed. Shadows can make an image appear three dimensional or as if it’s floating.

Shadows have three characteristics:

An x-offset, which specifies how far in the horizontal direction the shadow is offset from the image.
A y-offset, which specifies how far in the vertical direction the shadow is offset from the image.
A blur value, which specifies whether the image has a hard edge, as seen in the left side of Figure 7-2, or a diffuse edge, as seen in the right side of the figure.

This chapter describes how shadows work and shows how to use the Quartz 2D API to create them.

How Shadows Work

Shadows in Quartz are part of the graphics state. You call the function CGContextSetShadow, passing a graphics context, offset values, and a blur value. After shadowing is set, any object you draw has a shadow drawn with a black color that has a 1/3 alpha value in the device RGB color space. In other words, the shadow is drawn using RGBA values set to {0, 0, 0, 1.0/3.0}.

You can draw colored shadows by calling the function CGContextSetShadowWithColor, passing a graphics context, offset values, a blur value, and a CGColor object. The values to supply for the color depend on the color space you want to draw in.

If you save the graphics state before you call CGContextSetShadow or CGContextSetShadowWithColor, you can turn off shadowing by restoring the graphics state. You also disable shadows by setting the shadow color to NULL.

Shadow Drawing Conventions Vary Based on the Context

The offsets described earlier specify where the shadow is located related to the image that cast the shadow. Those offsets are interpreted by the context and used to calculate the shadow’s location:

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A positive x offset indicates the shadows is to the right of the graphics object.
In Mac OS X, a positive y offset indicates upward displacement. This matches the default coordinate system for Quartz 2D.
In iOS, if your application uses Quartz 2D APIs to create a PDF or bitmap context, a positive y offset indicates upwards displacement.
In iOS, if the graphics context was created by UIKit, such as a graphics context created by a UIView object or a context created by calling the UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions function, then a positive y offset indicates a downward displacement. This matches the drawing conventions of the UIKit coordinate system.
The shadow-drawing convention is not affected by the current transformation matrix.

Painting with Shadows

Follow these steps to paint with shadows:

Save the graphics state.
Call the function CGContextSetShadow, passing the appropriate values.
Perform all the drawing to which you want to apply shadows.
Restore the graphics state.

Follow these steps to paint with colored shadows:

Save the graphics state.
Create a CGColorSpace object to ensure that Quartz interprets the shadow color values correctly.
Create a CGColor object that specifies the shadow color you want to use.
Call the function CGContextSetShadowWithColor, passing the appropriate values.
Perform all the drawing to which you want to apply shadows.
Restore the graphics state.

The two rectangles in Figure 7-3 are drawn with shadows—one with a colored shadow.

The function in Listing 7-1 shows how to set up shadows to draw the rectangles shown in Figure 7-3. A detailed explanation for each numbered line of code appears following the listing.

Listing 7-1 A function that sets up shadows

Here’s what the code does:

Takes three parameters—a graphics context and a width and height to use when constructing the rectangles.
Declares and creates a CGSize object that contains offset values for the shadow. These values specify a shadow offset 15 units to the left of the object and 20 units above the object.
Declares an array of color values. This example uses RGBA, but these values won’t take on any meaning until they are passed to Quartz along with a color space, which is necessary for Quartz to interpret the values correctly.
Declares storage for a color reference.
Declares storage for a color space reference.
Saves the current graphics state so that you can restore it later.
Sets a shadow to have the previously declared offset values and a blur value of 5, which indicates a soft shadow edge. The shadow will appear gray, having an RGBA value of {0, 0, 0, 1/3}.
The next two lines of code draw the rectangle on the right side of Figure 7-3. You replace these lines with your own drawing code.
Creates a device RGB color space. You need to supply a color space when you create a CGColor object.
Creates a CGColor object, supplying the device RGB color space and the RGBA values declared previously. This object specifies the shadow color, which in this case is red with an alpha value of 0.6.
Sets up a color shadow, supplying the red color you just created. The shadow uses the offset created previously and a blur value of 5, which indicates a soft shadow edge.
The next two lines of code draw the rectangle on the left side of Figure 7-3. You replace these lines with your own drawing code.
Releases the color object because it is no longer needed.
Releases the color space object because it is no longer needed.
Restores the graphics state to what it was prior to setting up the shadows.